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Reference and (Citation)
Format
This is a common format for science (Council of Biology Editors or CBE),
many magazines have their own peculiar notions. Humanities and history are
usually use APA or MLA -- check with the professor or publisher.
Instructions to authors are usually published in the first or last issue of
the year or on the internet. The citation usually goes at the end of the
sentence before the period at the first use of that source.
A Magazine: (Gomez-Pompa and Kaus, 1992).
Author. Year published. Title of paper. Magazine name. Volume number
(issue
number): pages (if rare publisher, place
published)
example
Gomez-Pompa, A. and A. Kaus. 1992. Taming the wilderness myth. Bioscience
42(4):271-279. (If there was no issue number it
would be just 42:271-279.)
A Book: (Burcham, 1957).
Author last name, Initials. Year published. Title. Publisher, place
published,
pages.
example
Burcham, L.T. 1957. California Range Land: An Historico-Ecological Study
of the
Range Resource of California. Division of Forestry,
Dept. of Natural
Resources, Sacramento, CA 261 pages.
A Chapter in a Book: (Covington and Moore, 1992).
Author. Year published. Chapter Title. pages. book editor/author.
Publisher, place
published. similar if you use an
encyclopedia article
example
Covington, W.W. and M.M. Moore. 1992. Post settlement changes in natural
fire
regimes: Implications for restoration of old growth
ponderosa forests.
pp. 81-99 in M.R. Kaufmann, W.H. Moir and R.L.
Bassett. Old-Growth Forests
in the Southwest and Rocky Mountain Regions. USDA
Forest Service GTR RM
213. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Rocky Mountain Forest and
Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO.
Interview: (Coyote, 2001).
Person. Year. pers. comm., title, organization. where interviewed.
example
Coyote, W. 2001. personal communication. Mouse manager, U.S.I.U.
Lands,
San Diego, CA.
E-mail: (USIU, 2000). (Use author if known, use anon if not or
pick an easily recognized phrase out of the address)
Internet Source:
It should refer to the author or use Anon. The full reference includes the
author, date, title, and browser used to find it, and the complete URL. For
example:
example
Riter, J. and Riter, M. 2000. Control erosion with rolling grade dips.
International
Mountain Biking Association.
http://imba.com/resources/trail_building/gradedips.html.
Northern Lights. 11/17/00.
Multiple author papers
If there are more than two authors the citation in the text becomes (Viktor,
et al., 1998)
References
The references are listed in alphabetical order, if an author has more than
one article you list the most recent first. If you have both a single author
paper and multiple author paper from the same lead author the single author
paper goes first, even if it is older.
Phillipa, K. 1997. Ecoeducation in action. xxx. xxx
Phillipa, K. and R. Smith. 1998. Green gold for all. xxx.xxx
If you use the authors name in a sentence where you are quoting them you
can just put the year after the name. "As J. Smith (1974)
notes...."
If you cite multiple sources at once they are included together, separated
by a semicolon, usually by date but some times alphabetically (Barney, 1888;
Kraakov, 1942; Smith, 1998).
The goal is always to make it clear where information came from and how to
find the original documents or sources for additional information.
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